• Pine: Four Psychologies of Psychoanalysis (article): A paper that explores the four major theoretical perspectives of psychoanalysis: drive theory, ego psychology, object relations theory, and self psychology.
    • Drive Theory: The video discusses the concept of drive theory, which is a motivational construct that explains the physiological needs that drive actions of individuals to achieve specific goals or satisfy particular needs.
    • Id - Ego - Superego: The video delves into Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche, which consists of three parts: the Id, Ego, and Superego.
    • Anna Freud and Ego Mechanisms: The video highlights Anna Freud's contributions to psychoanalysis, particularly her focus on the ego and its defense mechanisms.
    • Heinz Hartmann: Heinz Hartmann is considered the father of ego psychology. He expanded on the concept of the ego, suggesting that it has its own energy, independent of the id.
    • Ego Psychology: Anna Freud - H. Hartmann: After Sigmund Freud's death, there were significant developments in psychoanalytic theory, with a shift towards ego psychology. Anna Freud and Heinz Hartmann were pivotal figures in this movement.
    • Objects Relation Theory: Object relations theory posits that our relationship patterns are influenced by how we perceive ourselves, how we view others, and the interaction between these perceptions.
    • Self Psychology: Self psychology, developed by Heinz Kohut, transformed psychotherapy by emphasizing the therapist's empathic attunement to the patient. The theory centers around concepts of idealizing, mirroring, and twinship needs.
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  • Freud Museum exhibition on Schools of Psychoanalysis

    The temporary exhibition at the Sigmund Freud Museum portrays the founders of the psychoanalytic schools, introduces the respective schools of thought, and shows video interviews with current proponents as well as current literature. On this website, we present the introductory texts and the video interviews from the exhibition.

  • Akhtar: Psychoanalysis Dictionary: A comprehensive and accessible reference book that covers the key concepts, terms, schools, and figures of psychoanalysis.
  • Reppen: Psychoanalysis Beyond Freud: A book that provides an overview of the history and development of psychoanalysis after Freud, with a focus on the contributions of Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, Harry Stack Sullivan, Heinz Kohut, and Jacques Lacan.
  • Mitchell: Psychoanalysis and Feminism: A book that examines the relationship between psychoanalysis and feminism, and critiques the patriarchal assumptions of Freudian theory.
  • Cooper: The Quiet Revolution in American Psychoanalysis: A book that traces the evolution of American psychoanalysis from the 1950s to the present, and highlights the role of interpersonal, relational, and intersubjective approaches.
  • Green: Key Ideas for a Modern Psychoanalysis: A book that presents the main ideas of André Green, a prominent French psychoanalyst who developed a distinctive style of clinical practice and theory.
  • Allen: Critique on the Couch: A book that applies psychoanalytic concepts and methods to the analysis of literature, art, film, and politics.
  • Evans: Lacanian Dictionary: A dictionary that explains the key terms and concepts of Lacanian psychoanalysis, a school of thought inspired by the work of Jacques Lacan.
  • Grotstein: Do I dare disturb the universe; A memorial to Bion: A book that pays tribute to the life and work of Wilfred Bion, a British psychoanalyst who made significant contributions to the fields of group dynamics, psychosis, and mysticism.
  • Jacobi: The psychology of Jung: A book that introduces the basic concepts and principles of Jungian psychology, such as the collective unconscious, archetypes, symbols, dreams, and individuation.
  • Jung - A primer of terms: A document that provides a brief explanation of some common terms used in Jungian psychology, such as anima, animus, persona, shadow, synchronicity, and transcendent function.
  • Mitchell and Black: Beyond Freud - A history of Modern Psychoanalysis: A book that surveys the major schools and movements of psychoanalysis after Freud, such as ego psychology, object relations theory, self psychology, relational psychoanalysis, feminist psychoanalysis, and postmodern psychoanalysis.
  • Ellenberger: The Discovery of the Unconscious: A book that explores the origins and development of the concept of the unconscious in psychology and psychiatry, from ancient times to the modern era.
  • Adler: Individual Psychology: A book that presents the main ideas of Alfred Adler, a pioneer of humanistic psychology who emphasized the importance of social interest, inferiority feelings, lifestyle, and creativity.
  • Bion: Elements of Psychoanalysis: A book that outlines the basic elements of Bion’s psychoanalytic theory, such as the alpha function, the container-contained model, the grid, and the Oedipus complex.
  • Bion: Experiences in Groups and Other Papers: A book that collects Bion’s papers on group dynamics, in which he proposed the concepts of basic assumption groups, work groups, and group mentality.
  • Fairbairn: Psychoanalytic Studies: A book that gathers Fairbairn’s papers on object relations theory, a branch of psychoanalysis that focuses on the role of early relationships and internalized objects in shaping personality and behavior.
  • Freud: Complete Works: A collection of all the works of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, including his books, papers, case studies, and letters.
  • Jung: Collected Works: A collection of all the works of Carl Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who developed analytical psychology, a school of thought that emphasizes the role of the unconscious, archetypes, and individuation in human development.
  • Winnicott: Psychoanalytic Explorations: A book that compiles Winnicott’s writings on various topics related to psychoanalysis, such as the transitional object, the true and false self, the holding environment, and the capacity to be alone.
  • Wolff: Structural Forms of the Feminine Psyche: A book that analyzes the feminine psyche from a Jungian perspective, and discusses the four structural forms of femininity: mother, hetaira (companion), medium (psychic), and amazon (warrior).
  • Segal: Introduction to the Work of Melanie Klein (book): A book that provides a clear and comprehensive introduction to the main ideas and concepts of Melanie Klein, a pioneer of object relations theory and one of the most influential psychoanalysts of the 20th century.
  • Self-Analysis:Karen Horney, a renowned German psychoanalyst, championed the concept of self-analysis, a method wherein individuals introspectively assess their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to gain personal insight. Horney posited that this self-reflective practice, which can include journaling and dream analysis, offers a complementary approach to traditional psychoanalysis, providing a more accessible means for individuals to confront their inner conflicts and neuroses for personal growth.